Novel Copper Oxide Phyto-Nanocatalyst Utilized for the Synthesis of Sustainable Biodiesel from Citrullus colocynthis Seed Oil

The green chemistry method for nanocatalyst synthesis along with environmentally feasible non-edible sources are promising alternatives to fossil fuels. current study focuses on the of copper oxide phyto-nanocatalyst and identification a new renewable feedstock, Citrullus colocynthis, reduce environmental pollution. highest biodiesel yield (95%) was obtained under optimum conditions 1:8 oil-to-methanol ratio reaction temperature 85 °C 120 min 0.365 wt% catalyst concentration. synthesized using seed oil cake after extracting salt (copper oxide). then subjected various analyses, namely, EDX, FT-IR, SEM, XRD. proved be efficient effective being reused five times still there very small difference in yield. All analyses also show sustainable stable results. Thus, colocynthis highly effective, sustainable, better alternative source future industry.